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I have no
idea who wrote what's below, and I can't verify every
line. But I'm putting it in, mainly for my own reference,
and hopefully add to it as time goes by. Readers have
been asking for a timeline, and this page will attempt
to address that question... although there is much room
for improvement.
ADDENDUM March 2007 : Another chronology has
been appended at the end, covering
a shorter time span, 1917-1920.
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| TURKISH
ARMENIAN RELATIONS THROUGHOUT HISTORY |
1022 — Basileios II annexed Armenian territories in the Byzantine
Empire and 40,000 Armenians were deported to Anatolia
1046 — Byzantine Emperor Constantine IX NAMI
1054 — Seljuk Sultan Tugrul Bey gave the Armenians autonomy
1098 — The Armenians collaborated with the Crusaders against the Turks.
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1461 — Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror invited the Armenian
Bishop Hovakim to Istanbul honoring him with the title of 'Patriarch.’ Other
privileges were granted to the Armenians.
1790 — The first official Armenian school was opened by two Armenians, Amira
Miricanyan and Shnork Migirdic, in Istanbul's Kumkapi.
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| 1800-1899 |
1823 — The Bezciyan School was founded by an
Armenian named Artin Bezciyan, In Istanbul, Kumkapi.
1824 — The Armenian Grammar School in Kumkapi was founded(?)
1853 (October, 22) — The Armenian Commission of Education was founded.
1876 — The Ottoman Assembly accepted the first Armenian deputies.
1877 — (December, 7) The Armenian National Council decided on forcing their people
to join the Army and fight.(?)
1878 (April, 13) — The Armenian Patriarch of Istanbul, Nerses sent
a note to British Secretary of Foreign Affairs saying that they would not live together with
the Turks any longer.
(July, 13) — The Treaty of Berlin was signed. Article 61 about the Ottoman Armenians was
added to the treaty.
(August, 3) — The British Secretary of Foreign Affairs, Lord
Salisbury, sent instructions to the British Ambassador Layard and
informed him that the Ottoman Government should begin making reforms in Eastern Anatolia.
1890 (June, 20) — Revolt of Erzurum
(July) — Kumkapi Demonstration
1892 — Merzifon and Kayseri revolts
1893 — Yozgat Revolts
1895 (September, 30) — Sublime Porte (Government’s Gate) Event in Istanbul
(October, 30) — Armenian Uprising in Istanbul
(November) — Armenian attempt a revolt in Maras.
1896 (June, 1) — First Van revolt
(August 24) — Raid of the Ottoman Bank
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1900s
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1902 — Armenian philologist H. Acaryan published a book called "The Effects
of Turkish Language on Armenian Language and the Turkish words in Armenian“
1904 — Second Sasson Revolt
1905 (July) — Assassination attempt against Sultan Abdulhamid II in Yildiz
Mosque.
Armenian newspaper "Jamanak“ began to be published.
1908 — Second National Council opened and some of the Armenian Committee Members
were elected deputies.
1909 (April 14) — Armenian revolt in Adana.
(April 15) — Second Van revolt
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| 1910s |
1915 (April 24) — Armenian Committees working
against the Ottoman Government were closed. The 235 members of those committees were
arrested.
(May 3) — Armenian massacres in Van.
(May 27) — The Law of Relocation was passed.
(Feb. 1) — Armenian secret society member Arshak committed
massacres in Bayburt.
1918 (April 25) — Armenian militants killed 750 Muslims in Subatan
Village of Kars
1919 (November 20) — Boghos Nubar
Pasha and Sherif Pasha signed Armenian-Kurd independence document.
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| 1920s |
1920 (January 12) — An Armenian unit tortured Muslims in the
Arapdar Village of Antep City.
(December 2) — Treaty of Gumru/Alexandropol was signed.
1921 (March 15) — An Armenian terrorist assassinated Talat Pasha in Berlin.
(March 16) — The Moscow Treaty was signed.
(March 18) — Misak Toriakyan killed the Minister of Internal
Affairs of Azerbaijan, Cevanshir Han, in Istanbul.
(October 13) — Kars Agreement was signed.
(December 6) — Armenians killed Sait Halim Pasha in Rome.
1922 (July 22) — Cemal Pasha was killed by Armenians in Tbilisi.
1923 — Armenian Munib Boya entered the Turkish National Assembly as a deputy.
(June 24) — The Lausanne Treaty was signed.
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1930s
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1934 — Franz Werfel published his novel "Forty Days in Musa Dagh“ in the USA.
1935 (December 15) — in Pangalti church an Armenian group burned Werfel’s
novel „Forty Days in Musa Mountain“ declaring that book "utterly maliciously
false statements about the Turkish Nation.“
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| 1940-1959 |
1943 — Armenian Berc Türker Keresteci entered the Turkish National Assembly
as a Deputy from Afyonkarahisar.
1957 — Migirdich Shellefyan was elected as a deputy from Istanbul in the 27
October Elections.
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1960s
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1964 — The Cypriot Minister of Foreign Affairs, Kypriano applied "the
Armenian issue“ to the UN Security Council.
1965 (April 24) — Armenians
had organized a demonstration against Turkey in San . Paulo, Brazil.
1969 (April 24) — Armenians
made a demonstration in front of the Turkish Embassy in London.
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| 1970s |
1973 (January 27) — Armenian terrorist, Migirdic Yanikyan killed Mehmet
Baydar, Turkish Consul General for Los Angeles, and his assistant Bahadir Demir.
(January 20) — ASALA was founded.
1975 (October 22) — The Turkish Ambassador in Vienna, Danis Tunaligil
was killed by Armenian terrorists.
(October 24) — The Turkish Ambassador in Paris, Ismail Erez and police
officer Talip Yener were killed by Armenian terrorists.
(February 16) — The First Secretary of Turkish Embassy in Beirut, Oktay
Cerit was killed by the Armenian terrorists.
1976 (May 28) — The Turkish diplomatic bureau in Zurich was bombed. An
Armenian called Noubar Soufoyan was arrested and condemned to 15 years in prison.
(May 29) — Istanbul's Yesilkoy Airport and Sirkeci Station were
bombed. Four people died and 31 people were injured. The attacks were undertaken by
the "Extreme Armenian Movement Groups.“
(June 9) — The Turkish
Ambassador to the Vatican, Taha Carim, was killed by Armenians.
1977 — The Turkish
Embassy in Brussels was bombed. The attack was undertaken by the "Armenian New
Resistance Organization.“
1978 (June 2) — in
Madrid, the Turkish Ambassador Zeki Kunaralp’s wife Necia Kunaralp and the ex
Ambassador Besir Balcioglu were killed by Armenians.
(July 8) — In Paris, the
Turkish Diplomatic Bureau and the Tourism Bureau were bombed. The attacks were
undertaken by the "Armenian Genocide Justice Committee.“
(August 6) — The Turkish
General Consulate in Geneva was bombed by the "Armenian Resistance
Organization.“
(December 17) — The
Geneva Bureau of Turkish Airlines was bombed by ASALA
(April 15) — The Greek
government approved the erection of "The Monument of Armenian Revenge" in
Nea Simirna Square in Athens.
1979 (August 22) — Assistant
Consul Niyazi Adali in Geneva was assassinated by ASALA, in an attack where three
other people were killed.
(August 27) — The Turkish
Airlines Bureau in Frankfurt was bombed by ASALA.
(October 4) — The Turkish
Airlines Bureau in Copenhagen was bombed by ASALA.
(December 22) — The
Tourism Conselor of Paris Embassy Yilmaz Copan was killed by Armenians.
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| 1980s |
1980 (January 10) — The Turkish Airlines Bureau in Tehran was bombed by ASALA.
(February 6) — Ambassador Dogan Turkmen was injured in an armed attack in
Bern.
(March 10) — Armenian terrorists bombed the Turkish Airlines
Bureau in Rome. Two Italians died; 14 Italians were injured.
(April 8) — During a meeting in Sayda, ASALA declared the
Kurds as their blood brothers by recognizing resemblances between the two communities.
(April 17) — The Turkish Ambassador in the Vatican, Vecdi Turel, was attacked
by thermenians, and his bodyguard, Tahsin Guvenc, was injured.
(April 19) — ASALA attacked the Turkish Consulate in Marseille.
(June 31) — The Turkish Administrative Attache Galip Ozmen and his daughter
Neslihan Ozmen were killed by Armenian terrorists.
(August 5) — The Turkish Consulate in Lyon was stormed by the Armenian
terrorists and Kadir Atilgan, Ramazan Sefer, Kavas Bozdag and Huseyin Toprak were killed.
(September 26) — The Turkish Press Attache in Paris Selcuk Bakkalbasi was
attacked by Armenians and he was badly injured.
(November 10) — ASALA attacked the Turkish Consulate in Strasbourg.
(December 17) — The Turkish Ambassador in Sydney, Sarik Arkyan, and his
bodyguard, Engin Saver, were killed.
1981 (January 13) — Armenian terrorists had put a bomb into the car of Ahmet
Erbeyli, Counselor of Finance, Paris Embassy. He survived.
(March 4) — The Administrative counselor of the Turkish Embassy in Paris,
Resat Morali, and Imam Tecelli Ari were killed by the Armenians.
(April 3) — The Armenians shot Cavit Demir, the administrative counselor of
the Turkish Embassy in Copenhagen; he survived with injuries.
(June 9) — The Secretary of the Turkish Embassy in Geneva, Mehmet S. Yerguz,
was killed by ASALA.
(September 24) — The Armenian terrorists stormed the General Consulate in
Geneva; and killed police officer Cemal Ozen.
(October3) — The Second Secretary of Turkish Embassy in Rome was attacked by
Armenian terrorists; he was badly injured.
(November 23) — The
"Armenian Students Union in Europe“ and "Kurdish Students Association in Europe“
made a joint declaration in London.
1982 (January 28) — The Turkish
General Consulate in Los Angeles, Kemal Arikan was killed by two Armenians: Harry Sasunyan
and Kirkor Saliba.
(April 8) — Commerce Counselor
in Ottawa Embassy Kemalttin Kani Gungor was injured by an armed attack.
(May 5) — The Turkish honorary
Consul for the USA's Boston Region, Okan Gunduz, was killed by Armenians.
(June 7) — Erkut Akbay, the
administrative attache in the Lisbon Embassy was killed. On the same day, Atilla Altikat,
the military attache in Ottawa, along with Bora Süelkan, the administrative attache to
Bulgaria, and the charge d’affaires of the Lisbon Embassy, Yurtsev Mihcioglu
(and his wife, Cahide Mihcioglu) were attacked. The Turkish Ambassador in Canada, Coskun
kirca was attacked as well.
(August 7) — Three Armenian
terrorists bombed the Ankara Esenboga Airport. Three police officers and nine civilians
died. Seventy-eight people were injured. A terrorist called Levon Ekmekciyan was arrested.
(August 10) — An Armenian named
Artin Penik fatally set himself
on fire, to protest the Esenboga Airport incident.
1983 (January 29) — Levon
Ekmekciyan was found guilty of the 1982 Esenboga Airport incident and was executed in
Ankara.
Harut Levonyan and Rafi Elbekyan attacked theTurkish Ambassador in Yugoslavia and a passerby
from Belgrade was killed.
(June 15) — ASALA terrorists
attacked the Turkish Airlines
office in Paris Orly Airport. The attack resulted in the death of four
Frenchmen, two Turks, an American and a Swedish person. In the incident sixty people were
injured.
(June 27) — Five Armenian
terrorists who raided the Turkish Embassy in Lisbon were killed.
1985 (January 21) — Armenians
attacked Hacilar City. Three Soviet soldiers and two Azeris were killed. The terrorists
killed an Azeri journalist, Svatin Askerova
(March 12) — The Turkish
Embassy in Ottawa was raided by three Armenian terrorists. One of the Canadian civil guards
was shot dead. Ambassador Coskun Kirca survived with injuries.
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1990s
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1991 (April 13) — in Karabagh, Armenians and Azeris fought. The
Armenians bombarded Azeri villages.
(April 23) — The Armenians bombarded Azeri villages in the Susa
region. Three Azeris were killed, three houses were destroyed, and three houses were
Demolished.
(April 26) — Four Azeri civil guards were killed. The attack was
undertaken by "Karabakh Warriors.“
(September 23) — Armenia declared its independence.
(December 26) — The Soviet Union was dissolved. Armenia gained its legal
independence.
1996 — Levon Petrosyan was elected as the President of Armenia for the
second time.
(March 20) — One of the leaders of the Dashnaks, Robert Kocaryan, became
the prime minister of Armenia.
1997 (December 20) — The Armenians celebrated the 160th year of Surp
Agapyan Hospital together with New Year’s fest.
The President of Turkey, Suleyman Demirel, received Ara Kocunyan, the editor of "Jamanak"
newspaper on the 90th anniversary of the newspaper, in his residence.
(February) — The President of Armenia, Levon Ter-Petrosyon resigned,
allowing a clear path for Robert Kocaryan to assume the presidency. The extreme
nationalists protested against Petrosyan’s peaceful approaches in Karabagh.
(February) — Elcibey, the leader of Azerbeyjan's People’s Front,
evaluated the resignation of Petrosyan, and said Kocaryan revolted against Azerbeijan
with Russian assistance in Karabagh.
1998 (March 30) Kocaryan was elected the President of Armenia.
(July) — Abdullah Ocalan, the leader of the PKK terrorist orgnization,
demanded a special village from Armenia for the use of his organization.
(October 14) — Mesrob Mutafyan became the 84th Patriarch of the Turkish
Armenians.
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| A
Chronology Covering 1917-1920 |
1917 Nov 7, Bolsheviks came to power
in Russia.
1917 Nov 26, Bolsheviks published the secret agreements including
division of Turkish land. Also, Russians asked for peace settlement
with Turkey.
1917 Dec 4, Ottoman Russian agreements started in Erzurum.
1917 Dec 15, cease fire was signed with Russia in Brest Litovsk.
1918 Jan 30, restarted agreement discussions in Brest Litovsk.
1918 Feb 12, Armenians took over the Russian weapons and started attacking
Turks.
1918 Feb 13, Turkish Army conquered Erzincan from the Armenians
1918 Feb 24, Trabzon was taken back from the Armenians
1918 March 3, Brest Litovsk agreement was signed. Russians agreed
to vacate Kars, Ardahan, Batum, and return all of Eastern Anatolia
to Turkey in 6 weeks. Pre war 1877-1878 borders were accepted.
1918 March 13, Turkish Army entered Erzurum.
1918 April 5, Turkish Army entered Sarikamis.
1918 April 7, Turkish Army entered Van.
1918 April 10 Caucasus Government accepted the Brest Litovsk agreement.
1918 Nov 14, Turkish Army entered Batum.
1918 April 25, Turkish Army entered Kars.
1918 April 30, Turks took back the three sanjacks (Kars, Arahan, Batum)
they had lost to Russia with the 1878 Berlin Treaty.
1918 May 11, Batum Conference started
1918 May 15, Gumru (Alexandropol) was taken back by Yakup Sevki Pasha.
1919 May 25, Nuri Pasha (Killigil) forces entered Gence.
1918 May 28, Armenians lost big time in Karakilise. Armenia and Azerbaijan
declared independence.
1918 June 4, Batum Conference, which had started on May 11 concluded
with agreements between Armenia, Georgia, and Ottoman.
1918 July 3, Sultan Reshad died
1919 July 4, Mehmet Vahidettin ascended to the throne.
1918 July 17, Brest-Litovsk written agreement letters were exchanged.
1918 September 6, Armenian Delegation members Aharunian and Hadisian
were accepted by the Ottoman Sultan Vahidettin.
1918 Sept 9, Aharunian sent a telegram to Kachaznouni, the Prime Minister
of Armenia on Sep 9 saying; `We congratulated Sultan Vahidettin for
his enthronement. We offered our good wishes for the prosperity of
the Empire, and said that the Armenian Nation will never forget that
the Ottoman Government was the first to recognize the new Armenian
Republic and the Armenian Government will strive to better relations
between our two countries. His Majesty thanked us, mentioned his happiness
to see free independent Armenia and wishes for its strength… completed
the meeting with his best wishes for our country.'
1918 October 8, Turkish Army took Sosa in Karabag.
1918 October 30, According to Mondros Treaty signed, Turkish Army
was to go back to borders before 914. Kars, Ardahan, Batum sanjacs
were to be vacated by the Turkish Army. The Allies would decide on
the future of the Six Vilayets.
1918 Nov 16, Turkish Army vacated Baku.
1918 Nov 17, British took over Baku.
1918 Nov 18, Turkish Army vacated Tebriz.
1918 Nov 23, The newspaper Tasvir i Efkar published the population
breakdown of Istanbul as; 603,919 Muslim, 218,416 Greek, 88,109 Armenian,
55,333 Jewish.
1918 Nov 30, Yakup Sevket Pasha Telegram mentions poor treatment of
the Turkish Army by the British in Batum. He also mentions that the
British are taking the Turkish Army weapons and distributing them
to the Armenians. Boghos Nubar Pasha applied to the Allies asking
for an independent Armenian State.
1918 Dec 1, The British war ships arrived in Batum.
1918 Dec 6, Armenians took back Sosha in Karabag.
1918 Dec 11, Boghos Nubar Pasha wrote to the French Foreign minister;
`6-700,000 Armenians were relocated in 1915. Currently, 390,000 of
these live in Musul, Suriye, Palestine, Iran and Caucasia. There are
some more distributed elsewhere, but their numbers are not known for
sure.'
1918 Dec 12, Clashes happened in Belen between Turks and Armenians
who came back.
1918 Dec 14, Courts were convened to pass some guilty verdict to please
the Armeniansand the invading `Allies'.
1918 Dec 17, Brits and French invaded South Eastern Anatolia. Armenian
minority of Cilicia started atrocities towards the Muslim population
(in Antep among them).
1918 Dec 21, Armenian volunteers in the French Army took over military
buildings in Adana, shouted `Kahrolsun Turkler = damn the Turks' and
tore Turkish Flag. The French would leave Adana on Dec 20 1921 and
the Turkish Army would take it back on Jan 5, 1922.
1919 Feb 6, Sabah Newspaper; '75,749 Armenians came back to Turkey
with the government's assistance.'
1919 Feb 12, Armenian Delegation Aharonian and Boghos Nubar Pasha
presented to the Paris Peace Conference; `Independent Armenia in 7
vilayats plus Cilikia, under the USA mandate' Their eyes were bigger
than their stomach!...
1919 Feb 19, The French invading forces decided to dismantle the Armenian
legion. The French military court condemned one of the Armenian legionnaires
to 15 years, two of them to 10 years and another two to 8 years imprisonment
for misconduct. By the end of this year 120,000 Armenians were to
return to Cilicia.
1919 Feb 20, Marash was invaded by the British. Many deported Armenians
returned to Marash. Later the Brits passed Marash to the French. Turks
took over in Feb 12, 1920.
1919 Feb 26, Armenian delegates to the Paris Peace Conference Aharonian
and Boghos nubar Pasha declared the cities they want and Us mandate
for 20 years.
1919 March 1, Pontus Delegation Oeconomos wrote in the French Le Temps
Newspaper that Trabzon cannot be given to the Armenians, because they
are the minority there. The Greeks and Armenians argue over how to
split Ottoman land.
1919 March 24, The Brits invaded Urfa with Armenians.
1919 April 19, Armenians entered Kars
1919 April 30, Georgians entered Ardahan
1919 May 15, Greek Army entered Izmir
1919 July 7, Mustafa Kemal Pasha resigned from the Ottoman Army, to
free Turkey from the invaders and the Sultan himself.
1919 July 8, Admiral Bistol, High Commissioner of US in Istanbul,
informed his government that mandate of Armenia would be too costly.
1919 Sep 7, General Harbord arrived in Istanbul to investigate a US
mandate for Armenia.
1919 Sep 21, Common folk, fought to get back Igdir, but upon the Armenian's
attack, they withdrew.
1919 Oct 30, The French invaded Marash with the Armenians.
1919 Oct 31, One Armenian soldier tore the black chadur of a Muslim
woman as she was leaving the Turkish Bath. An imam (who was selling
milk at the time, referred to as SUTCU IMAM) shot him down. This started
a people's revolt against the Armenians in Maras.
1920 Jan 23, Armenians burned down the city of Marash.
1920, March 3, Armenians started atrocities in Kozan
1920 March 12, Lord Curzon in the House of Commons; `You are mistaken
to think the Armenians are innocent as a 7 year old girl. However,
their latest actions have proven how savage they can be.
1920 March 16, Istanbul was invaded by the `Allies'.
1920 March 20, Armenians burned down 28 villages, near Chaldir and
killed 2,000 Muslims.
1920 April 3, US Senate refused a mandate for Armenia upon discussing
Gen Harbord's 13 volume report on the situation in Turkey.
1920 April 6, Armenians plundered Kagizman and its environs.
1920 April 11, Lord Curzon met with Boghos Nubar and Aharonian and
scolded them on the stupidity of using the weapons against Azeris
instead of the Turks.
1920 April 12, Curzon confirmed transfer of weapons to Armenians via
Batum and ordered Waldorp, their Counsil in Tiflis to keep this a
secret.
1920 April 17, The French invaded the city Antep. Many Armenian homes
raised French flag.
1920 April 22, Bogos Nubar Pasha argued in San Remo that Erzurum should
be given to Armenians. Lloyd Geroge refused, because Armenians were
a minority there.
1920 April 23, Turkish Parliament was founded in Ankara. Ever since,
we celebrate this day as the world children's day.
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