"The real enemy of the Armenians were the Russians, not the Turks"

Selected excerpts from Yuksel Oktay's writings

 Greeks invaded Anatolia in 1919 with the hope of creating their ‘’Greater Hellen Empire’’ and the support of the Western powers, killed thousands of Turkish civilians and destroyed many villages and towns along the way, which is well documented. They were defeated by the Turks under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal who spared the life of the Greek Commander Trikopis and established good relations with Venizelos, who later became the Prime Minister of Greece and nominated Mustafa Kemal Ataturk for the Nobel Peace Prize. Turks and Greeks have been able to create a sense of reconciliation and friendship that benefits the people of both countries, which the Armenians should heed to.

William Saroyan, the great Armenian-American writer, the son of an Armenian from Bitlis, wrote about an episode that came closest to the above statement by his Greek colleague when he said that ‘’The real enemy of the Armenians were the Russians, not the Turks’’. Saroyan wrote many books, received the Pulitzer Prize for his book on the second world war "The Human Comedy" and told the story of the Armenian Tragedy in his short story "Antranik of Armenia."

‘’The war was with the Turks of course. The other enemies were less active than the Turks, but watchful. When the time came one of these, in the name of love, not hate, accomplished in no time at all what the Turks, who were more honest, whose hatred was unconcealed, could not accomplish in hundreds of years. These were the Russians.’’

Yuksel Oktay, ANATOLIAN RESPONSES TO ARMENIAN ALLEGATIONS

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Review of a book on Antranik of Armenia, ‘’ANTRANIK PASA’’, written by Antranik Celebyan. Istanbul, 2003. (Translated to Turkish from the original Armenian version by Mariam Arpi and nairi Arek.) Peri yayinlari, Istanbul, Turkey

April 4, 2004, Istanbul

The first time had I heard about Antranik of Armenia was in a story written by William Saroyan with the same title in 1935. William Saroyan, the pulitzer price winner and one of my favorite authors, was born in Fresno California whose grandparents had immigrated to the area from Bitlis,Turkey in 1905. In his story of Antranik of Armenia, Saroyan does not present a favorable picture of Antranik after meeting him following Antranik’s settlement in California, and states in his story that ‘’the enemy of the Armenians were not the Turks, but the Russians.’’ Antranik was famous for his collaborations with the Russians and killing of Turks after the Armenian organizations chose the Bulgarian method to gain their independence, meaning practising terrorism and from time to time, organizing open revolts where Moslems would be massacred. Several Turkish publications on Antranik quotes that Antranik was a rebel leader, not a Pasa and he would love to brag about ‘’how many Moslems he had killed in one day.’’

Therefore I was very interested in finding out about, first what the Armenians thought about Antranik and, second, why they never refer to anything written by William Saroyan, including Peter Balakian, in his one sided book ‘’The Burning Tigris’’. The first is a very long story, which I will try to summarize below, but the answer to the second one is very simple, which the book gives us quite innocently.

On page 336, this is what Celebiyan quotes from Sarayon: ‘’Soviet Armenia is our sun, stone, ocean, history, and our unity. The Russian support is a great chance for us. We can not survive without the support of a strong power. That strong power is the Soviets. It is the Soviets that give the freedom to the Armenians, help us to breathe and to show our strength and riches. The Russians are our brothers and friends. For 50 years we have been enjoying the fruit of this friendship. We are alive, healthy and happy because, we have a Soviet Armenia. There are no obstacles for us. Because the Soviets are behind us’’.

And yet, when William Saroyan sees what the Russians are up to, he does not hesitate to call them the ‘’real enemy of the Armenians’’, as he elaborates in his story, ‘’Antranik of Armenia’’. When the Turks lost the Turco-Russian war in the east and the Russians were nearing Istanbul on the west, the Armenians were [jubilant]. Even the Armenian Patriarch started working with the Russians. However, as the invading Russian armies left the Ottoman lands after the 1917 Russian revolution, the Armenians took over and started mass killings which are being unearthed even today. The Armenians tried to establish a greater Armenia including the lands from the eastern Anatolia which the book constantly refers to as the ‘’Western Armenia’’. But William Saroyan knew the reality and never supported the back stabbing of the Turks by the Armenians.

 

The great author wrote an introduction to "I Ask You Ladies and Gentlemen," a 1945 book that blames Enver Pasha for having exterminated the Armenians. Saroyan gives no hint of disagreeing. Troublingly, he even refers to Franz Werfel as a legitimate source.

INTRODUCTION

BY WILLIAM SAROYAN

A Saroyan book  (70,000 Assyrians) translated into Turkish, taken from this designer's site; there are more. Turkkaya Ataov may have translated the first Saroyan book into Turkish (My Name is Aram), over fifty years ago.

THIS is a solemn, gentle, civilized book, full of innocence, comedy, and that kindly power which is the possession of men who are truly alive and cultured.

Leon Z. Surmelian is one of the many Armenian children of war years who fooled the enemy and didn’t die. The story of these children is by now well-known to everyone. Franz Werfel tells part of it in The Forty Days of Musa Dagh, and Elgin Groseclose tells a little more in Ararat.

Here, however, for the first time is the full story, by one of the children himself. Their world was destroyed, but not their lives. Many of them are now in Soviet Armenia, Russia, Persia, Syria, Greece, Canada, Mexico, South America, and America. Many are dead in the old country, with the world that was destroyed. Their comrades, who were tougher or luckier, will never forget them. Their enemy was not any particular nation or any particular people. Their enemy was Evil, as abstract as Evil might be in any parable. These children were certainly innocent. If they belonged to any nation, it was to the nation of children. They had wronged no one. And yet Evil in men sought to destroy them, and as if they were real only in a fable, rather than in reality itself, these children lived.

Leon Z. Surmelian came out of the old country to America, and proceeded to mend the wrecked, legend of his life.

This book tells the story of that mending.

It is a story without hate, for hate and death are partners, and this is a story of life.

I Ask You, Ladies and Gentlemen contains some of the finest writing I have ever read. The whole book is almost a lyric poem. Surmelian’s style is simple and unaffected, warm and humorous, and at the same time full of the melancholy of the civilized and intelligent.

I can’t imagine anybody being disappointed with this book. It is one of the most beautiful and exciting stories I have ever read. I say this in spite of the fact that Leon Z. Surmelian is my friend.

I know a great and good book when I see one.